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Circadian clock and detoxication processes in the liver
Ludvíková, Tereza ; Pačesová, Dominika (advisor) ; Kolář, David (referee)
The circadian system influences almost all physiological processes in the mammalian body. Among other things, detoxication processes in the liver are under circadian control. Both central and peripheral clock in the liver regulate the expression of genes involved in the detoxication of xenobiotic substances and drugs. The first part of this thesis summarizes the main characteristics of the central and peripheral circadian clocks, including their molecular basis. The second part focuses on the main functions of liver tissue with a focus on detoxification processes. The emphasis of the third section is on circadian rhythms in the expression and activity of enzymes called cytochromes P450, which are the most important system catalyzing phase I detoxication, and also briefly discusses the influence of the circadian system on the expression of nuclear receptors and PAR bZIP transcription factors involved in the regulation of cytochrome P450 transcription. The last section describes the influence of the circadian system on the efficacy and toxicity of selected drugs, on paracetamol metabolism with the main purpose of describing how paracetamol-induced hepatotoxicity is affected by time of administration. Key words: circadian system, liver, detoxication, cytochrome, paracetamol
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The effect of heavy metals on the physiology of lichens
Hrdinová, Aneta ; Peksa, Ondřej (advisor) ; Svoboda, David (referee)
Lichens are known for their sensitivity to environmental changes, however, the tolerance to different changes may vary among particular taxa. There are lichen species extremely sensitive as well as very tolerant to pollution. The species growing in areas with a higher content of heavy metals belong to the second group. These sites may by of natural origin (ore), but very often they have arose as a result of anthropogenic activities (imissions in industrial and urban areas, various heaps etc.). The interaction between photobiont and mycobiont in the thallus can probably explain the success of lichens in environment enriched by heavy metals. The stress caused by heavy metals leads to increasing production of reactive oxygen species in cells of photobiont and mycobiont. Reactive oxygen species cause lipid peroxidation, damage of proteins and nucleic acids, and the degradation of chlorophylls. Although mycobiont provides the photobiont cells partial protection (particularly thanks to binding of metal ions to the cell wall and the formation of water-insoluble secondary metabolites), photobiont is exposed to high amounts of metals. Therefore, both symbionts have developed a range of detoxification mechanisms. The aim of this thesis was to summarize the findings on the effect of heavy metals on the...
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Výzkum a vývoj technologií pro oblast čištění toxických odpadních vod z průmyslové činnosti a ze starých ekologických zátěží s důrazem na odstraňování těžkých kovů a organických sloučenin
GEOtest Brno, a.s., Brno ; Výzkumný ústav organických syntéz a.s., Rybitví ; Polenková, Alena ; Mejstřík, Viktor ; Víšek, Luboš
Závěry výzkumu v jednotlivých úkolech: E-01 Výzkum a vývoj analyticko-toxikologických, širokospektrálních metod umožňující efektivní kontrolu sanačních prací (postupy zkoušek pro rozbory odpadních vod a kalu po tlakové oxidaci, stanovení organických sloučenin v odpadních a průmyslových vodách, stanovení kovů, stanovení těkavých látek, stanovení PCB), E–02 Experimentální výzkum technologií na modelových kontaminovaných vodách (detoxikace na modelových kontaminovaných vodách), E03 Projektování a montáž pilotní detoxikační jednotky (zařízení pro stripování VOC vodní parou, zařízení pro RO těžkých kovů z odpadních vod), E-04 Vyhodnocení detoxikace pomocí standardních analytických a ekotoxikologických metod vyvinutých ve VUOS a.s. (seznam analytických zkoušek pro pokusy v Kolíně, ve Frýdku-Místku a v Pardubicích.
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Apitherapy and its use in the healthy lifestyle
GIEBLOVÁ, Simona
This Bachelor Thesis deals with creating and verifying educational program ,,Apiterapie? for students of faculties of educational nature. With content analysis of editorial resources, I have established a theoretical part where I try to explain topics in a context of natural alternative techniques as an important source of health promotion. Then I prepared training program focusing on bee products and their use in practice. The practical part verifies the tutorial on the set of students majoring in Health Education Faculty of Education University of South Bohemia in České Budějovice, using input and output test or the deliberate observation. Determining the level of knowledge of students, after completing the training program and obtain their views on the selection of the object Apiterapie. Processed teaching materials are illustrated in PowerPoint format on CD.
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